References
1. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019 Jan 1;48(1):16-31.
2. Xia L, Zhao R, Wan Q, et al. Sarcopenia and adverse health-related outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. Cancer Med. 2020 Nov;9(21):7964-78.
3. Meza-Valderrama D, Marco E, Dávalos-Yerovi V, et al. Sarcopenia, Malnutrition, and Cachexia: Adapting Definitions and Terminology of Nutritional Disorders in Older People with Cancer. Nutrients. 2021 Feb 26;13(3).
4. Lamb CA, Kennedy NA, Raine T, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut. 2019 Dec;68(Suppl 3):s1-s106.
5. Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jan;142(1):46-54.e42; quiz e30.
6. Ando K, Uehara K, Sugiyama Y, et al. Correlation Among Body Composition Parameters and Long-Term Outcomes in Crohn's Disease After Anti-TNF Therapy. Front Nutr. 2022;9:765209.
7. Zhou Z, Xiong Z, Xie Q, et al. Computed tomography-based multiple body composition parameters predict outcomes in Crohn's disease. Insights Imaging. 2021 Sep 25;12(1):135.
8. Grillot J, D'Engremont C, Parmentier AL, et al. Sarcopenia and visceral obesity assessed by computed tomography are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease. Clin Nutr. 2020 Oct;39(10):3024-30.
9. Ryan E, McNicholas D, Creavin B, et al. Sarcopenia and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019 Jan 1;25(1):67-73.
10. Ding NS, Malietzis G, Lung PFC, et al. The body composition profile is associated with response to anti-TNF therapy in Crohn's disease and may offer an alternative dosing paradigm. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Nov;46(9):883-91.
11. Campbell JP, Teigen L, Manski S, et al. Sarcopenia Is More Prevalent Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Undergoing Surgery and Predicts Progression to Surgery Among Medically Treated Patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2022 Feb 15.
12. Nam K, Lee JY, Ko Y, et al. Impact of Sarcopenia on Clinical Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Korea. Dig Dis Sci. 2023 Jan 24.
13. Bian D, Jiang Y, Gu Y, et al. Body Mass Index and Disease Activity Are Associated With Moderate to Severe Disability in Crohn's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:662488.
14. Carvalho D, Viana C, Marques I, et al. Sarcopenia is associated with Postoperative Outcome in Patients with Crohn’s Disease Undergoing Bowel Resection. Gastrointestinal Disorders. 2019;1(1):201-9.
15. Cushing KC, Kordbacheh H, Gee MS, et al. Sarcopenia is a Novel Predictor of the Need for Rescue Therapy in Hospitalized Ulcerative Colitis Patients. J Crohns Colitis. 2018 Aug 29;12(9):1036-41.
16. Ge X, Jiang L, Yu W, et al. The importance of sarcopenia as a prognostic predictor of the clinical course in acute severe ulcerative colitis patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2021 Aug;53(8):965-71.
17. Ge X, Xia J, Wu Y, et al. Sarcopenia assessed by computed tomography is associated with colectomy in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022 Mar;76(3):410-8.
18. Holt DQ, Varma P, Strauss BJG, et al. Low muscle mass at initiation of anti-TNF therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is associated with early treatment failure: a retrospective analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017 Jun;71(6):773-7.
19. Dharap V, Abraham P, Desai D, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and factors associated with it. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. [Conference Abstract]. 2023;17:i980-i1.
20. Lee JY, Kim KW, Ko Y, et al. Serial Changes in Body Composition and the Association with Disease Activity during Treatment in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Nov 15;12(11).
21. Nardone OM, Ponsiglione A, de Sire R, et al. Impact of Sarcopenia on Clinical Outcomes in a Cohort of Caucasian Active Crohn's Disease Patients Undergoing Multidetector CT-Enterography. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 23;14(17).
22. Bamba S, Inatomi O, Takahashi K, et al. Assessment of Body Composition From CT Images at the Level of the Third Lumbar Vertebra in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2021 Aug 19;27(9):1435-42.
23. Liu S, Ding X, Maggiore G, et al. Sarcopenia is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective cohort study. Ann Transl Med. 2022 Mar;10(6):367.
24. van Langenberg DR, Della Gatta P, Hill B, et al. Delving into disability in Crohn's disease: dysregulation of molecular pathways may explain skeletal muscle loss in Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2014 Jul;8(7):626-34.
25. Neurath MF. Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014 May;14(5):329-42.
26. Kennedy NA, Heap GA, Green HD, et al. Predictors of anti-TNF treatment failure in anti-TNF-naive patients with active luminal Crohn's disease: a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 May;4(5):341-53.
27. Subramaniam K, Fallon K, Ruut T, et al. Infliximab reverses inflammatory muscle wasting (sarcopenia) in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Mar;41(5):419-28.
28. Oray M, Abu Samra K, Ebrahimiadib N, et al. Long-term side effects of glucocorticoids. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016;15(4):457-65.
29. Brent MB, Thomsen JS, Brüel A. Short-term glucocorticoid excess blunts abaloparatide-induced increase in femoral bone mass and strength in mice. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 10;11(1):12258.
30. Sato AY, Richardson D, Cregor M, et al. Glucocorticoids Induce Bone and Muscle Atrophy by Tissue-Specific Mechanisms Upstream of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. Endocrinology. 2017 Mar 1;158(3):664-77.
31. Short KR, Bigelow ML, Nair KS. Short-term prednisone use antagonizes insulin's anabolic effect on muscle protein and glucose metabolism in young healthy people. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;297(6):E1260-8.
32. Paredes Méndez JE, Junes Pérez SI, Vargas Marcacuzco HT, et al. [Medical and surgical management of moderate-to-severe inflamatory bowel disease]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2021 Apr-Jun;41(2):79-85.
33. Roses RE, Rombeau JL. Recent trends in the surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jan 21;14(3):408-12.
34. Spinelli A, Bonovas S, Burisch J, et al. ECCO Guidelines on Therapeutics in Ulcerative Colitis: Surgical Treatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2022 Feb 23;16(2):179-89.
35. Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Mar;21(3):300-7.e2.