References
1. Bosch J, Groszmann RJ, Shah VH. Evolution in the understanding of the pathophysiological basis of portal hypertension: How changes in paradigm are leading to successful new treatments. J Hepatol 2015;62(1 Suppl):S121-30.
2. Veldhuijzen van Zanten D, Buganza E, Abraldes JG. The Role of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient in the Management of Cirrhosis. Clin Liver Dis. 2021;25(2):327-43.
3. Groszmann RJ, Wongcharatrawee S. The hepatic venous pressure gradient: anything worth doing should be done right. Hepatology. 2004;39(2):280-2.
4. Zipprich A, Winkler M, Seufferlein T, Dollinger MM. Comparison of balloon vs. straight catheter for the measurement of portal hypertension. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;32(11-12):1351-6.
5. Bosch J, Garcia-Pagan JC. Calculating Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient: Feel Free to Stay Free. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016;27(8):1138-9.
6. Silva-Junior G, Baiges A, Turon F, Torres F, Hernandez-Gea V, Bosch J, et al. The prognostic value of hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with cirrhosis is highly dependent on the accuracy of the technique. Hepatology. 2015;62(5):1584-92.
7. Reverter E, Blasi A, Abraldes JG, Martinez-Palli G, Seijo S, Turon F, et al. Impact of deep sedation on the accuracy of hepatic and portal venous pressure measurements in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2014;34(1):16-25.
8. Tandon P, Ripoll C, Assis D, Wongcharatrawee S, Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G. The interpretation of hepatic venous pressure gradient tracings - excellent interobserver agreement unrelated to experience. Liver Int. 2016;36(8):1160-6.
9. Bai W, Al-Karaghouli M, Stach J, Sung S, Matheson GJ, Abraldes JG. Test-Retest Reliability and Consistency of HVPG and Impact on Trial Design: A Study in 289 Patients from 20 Randomized Controlled Trials. Hepatology. 2021;74(6):3301-15.
10. Pomier-Layrargues G, Kusielewicz D, Willems B, Villeneuve JP, Marleau D, Cote J, et al. Presinusoidal portal hypertension in non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1985;5(3):415-8.
11. Perello A, Escorsell A, Bru C, Gilabert R, Moitinho E, Garcia-Pagan JC, et al. Wedged hepatic venous pressure adequately reflects portal pressure in hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1999;30(6):1393-7.
12. Ferrusquia-Acosta J, Bassegoda O, Turco L, Reverter E, Pellone M, Bianchini M, et al. Agreement between wedged hepatic venous pressure and portal pressure in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2021;74(4):811-8.
13. Huet PM, Vincent C, Deslaurier J, Cote J, Matsutami S, Boileau R, et al. Portal hypertension and primary biliary cirrhosis: effect of long-term ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(5):1552-60.
14. Navasa M, Pares A, Bruguera M, Caballeria J, Bosch J, Rodes J. Portal hypertension in primary biliary cirrhosis. Relationship with histological features. J Hepatol. 1987;5(3):292-8.
15. Wang J, Li J, Zhou Q, Zhang D, Bi Q, Wu Y, et al. Liver stiffness measurement predicted liver-related events and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis. Hepatol Commun. 2018;2(4):467-76.
16. Shen Y, Wu SD, Wu L, Wang SQ, Chen Y, Liu LL, et al. The prognostic role of liver stiffness in patients with chronic liver disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2019;13(5):560-72.
17. Wong VW, Irles M, Wong GL, Shili S, Chan AW, Merrouche W, et al. Unified interpretation of liver stiffness measurement by M and XL probes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut. 2019;68(11):2057-64.
18. Papatheodoridi M, Hiriart JB, Lupsor-Platon M, Bronte F, Boursier J, Elshaarawy O, et al. Refining the Baveno VI elastography criteria for the definition of compensated advanced chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2021;74(5):1109-16.
19. Rasmussen DN, Thiele M, Johansen S, Kjaergaard M, Lindvig KP, Israelsen M, et al. Prognostic performance of 7 biomarkers compared to liver biopsy in early alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol. 2021;75(5):1017-25.
20. Ji Y, Li J, He Q, Zhou L, Chen J. Baveno VI elastography criteria for ruling in cACLD works well in patients with MAFLD. J Hepatol. 2021;75(5):1243-5.
21. Calleja JL, Rivera-Esteban J, Aller R, Hernandez-Conde M, Abad J, Pericas JM, et al. Prevalence estimation of significant fibrosis because of NASH in Spain combining transient elastography and histology. Liver Int. 2022;42(8):1783-92.
22. Masuzaki R, Tateishi R, Yoshida H, Goto E, Sato T, Ohki T, et al. Prospective risk assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis C by transient elastography. Hepatology. 2009;49(6):1954-61.
23. Fung J, Lai CL, Seto WK, Wong DK, Yuen MF. Prognostic significance of liver stiffness for hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat. 2011;18(10):738-44.
24. Jung KS, Kim SU, Ahn SH, Park YN, Kim DY, Park JY, et al. Risk assessment of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma development using liver stiffness measurement (FibroScan). Hepatology. 2011;53(3):885-94.
25. Vergniol J, Foucher J, Terrebonne E, Bernard PH, le Bail B, Merrouche W, et al. Noninvasive tests for fibrosis and liver stiffness predict 5-year outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(7):1970-9, 9 e1-3.
26. Klibansky DA, Mehta SH, Curry M, Nasser I, Challies T, Afdhal NH. Transient elastography for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. J Viral Hepat. 2012;19(2):e184-93.
27. Corpechot C, Carrat F, Poujol-Robert A, Gaouar F, Wendum D, Chazouilleres O, et al. Noninvasive elastography-based assessment of liver fibrosis progression and prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2012;56(1):198-208.
28. Corpechot C, Gaouar F, El Naggar A, Kemgang A, Wendum D, Poupon R, et al. Baseline values and changes in liver stiffness measured by transient elastography are associated with severity of fibrosis and outcomes of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(4):970-9; quiz e15-6.
29. Pang JX, Zimmer S, Niu S, Crotty P, Tracey J, Pradhan F, et al. Liver stiffness by transient elastography predicts liver-related complications and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e95776.
30. Marciano S, Diaz JM, Dirchwolf M, Gadano A. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis: incidence, outcomes, and treatment strategies. Hepat Med. 2019;11:13-22.
31. Piccinni R, Rodrigues SG, Montani M, Murgia G, Delgado MG, Casu S, et al. Controlled attenuation parameter reflects steatosis in compensated advanced chronic liver disease. Liver Int. 2020;40(5):1151-8.
32. Zhou YJ, Gao F, Liu WY, Wong GL, Mahadeva S, Raihan Nik Mustapha N, et al. Screening for compensated advanced chronic liver disease using refined Baveno VI elastography cutoffs in Asian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021;54(4):470-80.
33. Pons M, Augustin S, Scheiner B, Guillaume M, Rosselli M, Rodrigues SG, et al. Noninvasive Diagnosis of Portal Hypertension in Patients With Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(4):723-32.
34. D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. J Hepatol. 2006;44(1):217-31.
35. Ripoll C, Groszmann R, Garcia-Tsao G, Grace N, Burroughs A, Planas R, et al. Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2007;133(2):481-8.
36. Sanyal AJ, Harrison SA, Ratziu V, Abdelmalek MF, Diehl AM, Caldwell S, et al. The Natural History of Advanced Fibrosis Due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Data From the Simtuzumab Trials. Hepatology. 2019;70(6):1913-27.
37. Bassegoda O, Olivas P, Turco L, Mandorfer M, Serra-Burriel M, Tellez L, et al. Decompensation in Advanced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease May Occur at Lower Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Levels Than in Patients With Viral Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(10):2276-86 e6.
38. Abraldes JG, Bureau C, Stefanescu H, Augustin S, Ney M, Blasco H, et al. Noninvasive tools and risk of clinically significant portal hypertension and varices in compensated cirrhosis: The "Anticipate" study. Hepatology. 2016;64(6):2173-84.
39. Podrug K, Trkulja V, Zelenika M, Bokun T, Madir A, Kanizaj TF, et al. Validation of the New Diagnostic Criteria for Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension by Platelets and Elastography. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;67(7):3327-32.
40. Dajti E, Ravaioli F, Marasco G, Alemanni LV, Colecchia L, Ferrarese A, et al. A Combined Baveno VII and Spleen Stiffness Algorithm to Improve the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension in Patients With Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(11):1825-33.
41. Jachs M, Hartl L, Simbrunner B, Bauer D, Paternostro R, Scheiner B, et al. The Sequential Application of Baveno VII Criteria and VITRO Score Improves Diagnosis of Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(7):1854-63 e10.
42. Bruix J, Castells A, Bosch J, Feu F, Fuster J, Garcia-Pagan JC, et al. Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: prognostic value of preoperative portal pressure. Gastroenterology. 1996;111(4):1018-22.
43. Llovet JM, Fuster J, Bruix J. Intention-to-treat analysis of surgical treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma: resection versus transplantation. Hepatology. 1999;30(6):1434-40.
44. Berzigotti A, Reig M, Abraldes JG, Bosch J, Bruix J. Portal hypertension and the outcome of surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma in compensated cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2015;61(2):526-36.
45. Villanueva C, Albillos A, Genesca J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Calleja JL, Aracil C, et al. beta blockers to prevent decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (PREDESCI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10181):1597-608.
46. de Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, Reiberger T, Ripoll C, Baveno VIIF. Baveno VII - Renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022;76(4):959-74.
47. Gralnek IM, Camus Duboc M, Garcia-Pagan JC, Fuccio L, Karstensen JG, Hucl T, et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and management of esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy. 2022;54(11):1094-120.
48. Mandorfer M, Kozbial K, Schwabl P, Freissmuth C, Schwarzer R, Stern R, et al. Sustained virologic response to interferon-free therapies ameliorates HCV-induced portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2016;65(4):692-9.
49. Lens S, Alvarado-Tapias E, Marino Z, Londono MC, E LL, Martinez J, et al. Effects of All-Oral Anti-Viral Therapy on HVPG and Systemic Hemodynamics in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(5):1273-83 e1.
50. Mandorfer M, Kozbial K, Schwabl P, Chromy D, Semmler G, Stattermayer AF, et al. Changes in Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Predict Hepatic Decompensation in Patients Who Achieved Sustained Virologic Response to Interferon-Free Therapy. Hepatology. 2020;71(3):1023-36.
51. Lens S, Baiges A, Alvarado-Tapias E, E LL, Martinez J, Fortea JI, et al. Clinical outcome and hemodynamic changes following HCV eradication with oral antiviral therapy in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2020;73(6):1415-24.
52. Lee YA, Friedman SL. Reversal, maintenance or progression: what happens to the liver after a virologic cure of hepatitis C? Antiviral Res. 2014;107:23-30.
53. Marcellin P, Asselah T, Boyer N. Fibrosis and disease progression in hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2002;36(5 Suppl 1):S47-56.
54. Leandro G, Mangia A, Hui J, Fabris P, Rubbia-Brandt L, Colloredo G, et al. Relationship between steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(6):1636-42.
55. Semmler G, Lens S, Meyer EL, Baiges A, Alvardo-Tapias E, Llop E, et al. Non-invasive tests for clinically significant portal hypertension after HCV cure. J Hepatol. 2022;77(6):1573-85.
56. Zipprich A, Garcia-Tsao G, Rogowski S, Fleig WE, Seufferlein T, Dollinger MM. Prognostic indicators of survival in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2012;32(9):1407-14.
57. Bruno S, Saibeni S, Bagnardi V, Vandelli C, De Luca M, Felder M, et al. Mortality risk according to different clinical characteristics of first episode of liver decompensation in cirrhotic patients: a nationwide, prospective, 3-year follow-up study in Italy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(7):1112-22.
58. Yim SY, Lee JH, Ahn H, Kim SU, Kim SG, Kim YS, et al. Subclinical Ascites Does Not Affect the Long-term Prognosis in Hepatitis B Virus-related Cirrhosis Patients Receiving Antivirals. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;50(8):676-85.
59. Shah AS, Amarapurkar DN. Natural History of Cirrhosis of Liver after First Decompensation: A Prospective Study in India. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018;8(1):50-7.
60. Tonon M, Piano S, Gambino CG, Romano A, Pilutti C, Incicco S, et al. Outcomes and Mortality of Grade 1 Ascites and Recurrent Ascites in Patients With Cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(2):358-66 e8.
61. Theodorakopoulos T, Kalafateli M, Kalambokis GN, Samonakis DN, Aggeletopoulou I, Tsolias C, et al. Natural history of grade 1 ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis. Ann Gastroenterol. 2021;34(1):93-103.
62. D'Amico G, Pasta L, Morabito A, D'Amico M, Caltagirone M, Malizia G, et al. Competing risks and prognostic stages of cirrhosis: a 25-year inception cohort study of 494 patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;39(10):1180-93.
63. Gheorghe L, Iacob S, Simionov I, Vadan R, Gheorghe C, Iacob R, et al. Natural history of compensated viral B and D cirrhosis. Rom J Gastroenterol. 2005;14(4):329-35.
64. Sangiovanni A, Prati GM, Fasani P, Ronchi G, Romeo R, Manini M, et al. The natural history of compensated cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus: A 17-year cohort study of 214 patients. Hepatology. 2006;43(6):1303-10.
65. Fartoux L, Degos F, Trepo C, Goria O, Cales P, Tran A, et al. Effect of prolonged interferon therapy on the outcome of hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis: a randomized trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(4):502-7.
66. Giron-Gonzalez JA, Brun F, Terron A, Vergara A, Arizcorreta A. Natural history of compensated and decompensated HCV-related cirrhosis in HIV-infected patients: a prospective multicentre study. Antivir Ther. 2007;12(6):899-907.
67. Bruno R, Sacchi P, Puoti M, Maiocchi L, Patruno S, Carosi G, et al. Natural history of compensated viral cirrhosis in a cohort of patients with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;46(3):297-303.
68. Pineda JA, Aguilar-Guisado M, Rivero A, Giron-Gonzalez JA, Ruiz-Morales J, Merino D, et al. Natural history of compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(8):1274-82.
69. Das K, Das K, Datta S, Pal S, Hembram JR, Dhali GK, et al. Course of disease and survival after onset of decompensation in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2010;30(7):1033-42.
70. Chon YE, Jung ES, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Han KH, et al. The accuracy of noninvasive methods in predicting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;46(6):518-25.
71. Gomez EV, Rodriguez YS, Bertot LC, Gonzalez AT, Perez YM, Soler EA, et al. The natural history of compensated HCV-related cirrhosis: a prospective long-term study. J Hepatol. 2013;58(3):434-44.
72. Macias J, Camacho A, Von Wichmann MA, Lopez-Cortes LF, Ortega E, Tural C, et al. Liver stiffness measurement versus liver biopsy to predict survival and decompensations of cirrhosis among HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. AIDS. 2013;27(16):2541-9.
73. Macias J, Marquez M, Tellez F, Merino D, Jimenez-Aguilar P, Lopez-Cortes LF, et al. Risk of liver decompensation among HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected individuals with advanced fibrosis: implications for the timing of therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(10):1401-8.
74. Radu C, Stefanescu H, Procopet B, Lupsor Platon M, Tantau M, Grigorescu M. Is spleen stiffness a predictor of clinical decompensation in cirrhotic patients? J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2014;23(2):223-4.
75. Procopet B, Farcau O, Balagel M, Crisan D, Stefanescu H, Pop A, et al. The metabolic syndrome is not correlated with the short-term risk of decompensation in patients with cirrhosis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2014;23(4):397-403.
76. Karagozian R, Grace ND, Qamar AA. Hematologic indices improve with eradication of HCV in patients with cirrhosis and predict decompensation. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2014;77(4):425-32.
77. Kondo T, Maruyama H, Sekimoto T, Shimada T, Takahashi M, Okugawa H, et al. Impact of portal hemodynamics on Doppler ultrasonography for predicting decompensation and long-term outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016;51(2):236-44.
78. Ampuero J, Montoliu C, Simon-Talero M, Aguilera V, Millan R, Marquez C, et al. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy identifies patients at risk of faster cirrhosis progression. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;33(3):718-25.
79. Reichert MC, Schneider C, Greinert R, Casper M, Grunhage F, Wienke A, et al. Isolated bacterial infection without decompensation has no impact on survival of compensated patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2021;41(6):1370-8.
80. Planas R, Balleste B, Alvarez MA, Rivera M, Montoliu S, Galeras JA, et al. Natural history of decompensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. A study of 200 patients. J Hepatol. 2004;40(5):823-30.
81. Planas R, Montoliu S, Balleste B, Rivera M, Miquel M, Masnou H, et al. Natural history of patients hospitalized for management of cirrhotic ascites. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(11):1385-94.
82. Jepsen P, Ott P, Andersen PK, Sorensen HT, Vilstrup H. Clinical course of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a Danish population-based cohort study. Hepatology. 2010;51(5):1675-82.
83. Fede G, D'Amico G, Arvaniti V, Tsochatzis E, Germani G, Georgiadis D, et al. Renal failure and cirrhosis: a systematic review of mortality and prognosis. J Hepatol. 2012;56(4):810-8.
84. Balcar L, Tonon M, Semmler G, Calvino V, Hartl L, Incicco S, et al. Risk of further decompensation/mortality in patients with cirrhosis and ascites as the first single decompensation event. JHEP Rep. 2022;4(8):100513.
85. Gupta A, Rana R, Agarwal S, Sharma S, Gopi S, Mohta S, et al. Assessing the Risk of Further Decompensation and Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis With Variceal Bleeding as Their First Decompensation Event. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118(5):833-9.
86. Villanueva C, Tripathi D. Carvedilol, probably the beta-blocker of choice for everyone with cirrhosis and portal hypertension: But not so fast! Liver Int. 2023;43(6):1154-6.
87. Zacharias AP, Jeyaraj R, Hobolth L, Bendtsen F, Gluud LL, Morgan MY. Carvedilol versus traditional, non-selective beta-blockers for adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;10(10):CD011510.
88. Villanueva C, Torres F, Sarin SK, Shah HA, Tripathi D, Brujats A, et al. Carvedilol reduces the risk of decompensation and mortality in patients with compensated cirrhosis in a competing-risk meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2022;77(4):1014-25.
89. Gluud LL, Krag A. Banding ligation versus beta-blockers for primary prevention in oesophageal varices in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012(8):CD004544.
90. Li L, Yu C, Li Y. Endoscopic band ligation versus pharmacological therapy for variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011;25(3):147-55.
91. Puente A, Hernandez-Gea V, Graupera I, Roque M, Colomo A, Poca M, et al. Drugs plus ligation to prevent rebleeding in cirrhosis: an updated systematic review. Liver Int. 2014;34(6):823-33.
92. Albillos A, Zamora J, Martinez J, Arroyo D, Ahmad I, De-la-Pena J, et al. Stratifying risk in the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage: Results of an individual patient meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2017;66(4):1219-31.
93. Stanley AJ, Dickson S, Hayes PC, Forrest EH, Mills PR, Tripathi D, et al. Multicentre randomised controlled study comparing carvedilol with variceal band ligation in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. J Hepatol. 2014;61(5):1014-9.
94. Lo GH, Chen WC, Wang HM, Yu HC. Randomized, controlled trial of carvedilol versus nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate for the prevention of variceal rebleeding. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27(11):1681-7.
95. Dunne PDJ, Young D, Chuah CS, Hayes PC, Tripathi D, Leithead J, et al. Carvedilol versus endoscopic band ligation for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding-long-term follow-up of a randomised control trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(12):1581-7.
96. Gupta V, Rawat R, Shalimar, Saraya A. Carvedilol versus propranolol effect on hepatic venous pressure gradient at 1 month in patients with index variceal bleed: RCT. Hepatol Int. 2017;11(2):181-7.
97. Jachs M, Hartl L, Simbrunner B, Bauer D, Paternostro R, Balcar L, et al. Carvedilol Achieves Higher Hemodynamic Response and Lower Rebleeding Rates Than Propranolol in Secondary Prophylaxis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(9):2318-26 e7.
98. Turco L, Villanueva C, La Mura V, Garcia-Pagan JC, Reiberger T, Genesca J, et al. Lowering Portal Pressure Improves Outcomes of Patients With Cirrhosis, With or Without Ascites: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(2):313-27 e6.
99. Alvarado-Tapias E, Ardevol A, Garcia-Guix M, Montanes R, Pavel O, Cuyas B, et al. Short-term hemodynamic effects of beta-blockers influence survival of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2020;73(4):829-41.
100. Sinha R, Lockman KA, Mallawaarachchi N, Robertson M, Plevris JN, Hayes PC. Carvedilol use is associated with improved survival in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. J Hepatol. 2017;67(1):40-6.
101. McDowell HR, Chuah CS, Tripathi D, Stanley AJ, Forrest EH, Hayes PC. Carvedilol is associated with improved survival in patients with cirrhosis: a long-term follow-up study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021;53(4):531-9.
102. Tellez L, Albillos A. Non-selective beta-blockers in patients with ascites: The complex interplay among the liver, kidney and heart. Liver Int. 2022;42(4):749-61.
103. Tellez L, Ibanez-Samaniego L, Perez Del Villar C, Yotti R, Martinez J, Carrion L, et al. Non-selective beta-blockers impair global circulatory homeostasis and renal function in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites. J Hepatol. 2020;73(6):1404-14.
104. Mandorfer M, Bota S, Schwabl P, Bucsics T, Pfisterer N, Kruzik M, et al. Nonselective beta blockers increase risk for hepatorenal syndrome and death in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(7):1680-90 e1.
105. Kim SG, Larson JJ, Lee JS, Therneau TM, Kim WR. Beneficial and harmful effects of nonselective beta blockade on acute kidney injury in liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl. 2017;23(6):733-40.
106. Scheiner B, Parada-Rodriguez D, Bucsics T, Schwabl P, Mandorfer M, Pfisterer N, et al. Non-selective beta-blocker treatment does not impact on kidney function in cirrhotic patients with varices. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(9):1008-15.
107. Lai M, Fenton C, Ge J, Rubin J, Lai JC, Cullaro G. Nonselective beta-blockers may lead to stage 2 acute kidney injury and waitlist mortality in child class C cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun. 2023;7(10).
108. Ngwa T, Orman E, Gomez EV, Vuppalanchi R, Kubal C, Chalasani N, et al. Non-selective beta blocker use is associated with improved short-term survival in patients with cirrhosis referred for liver transplantation. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020;20(1):4.
109. Serste T, Melot C, Francoz C, Durand F, Rautou PE, Valla D, et al. Deleterious effects of beta-blockers on survival in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Hepatology. 2010;52(3):1017-22.
110. Serste T, Francoz C, Durand F, Rautou PE, Melot C, Valla D, et al. Beta-blockers cause paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a cross-over study. J Hepatol. 2011;55(4):794-9.
111. Kalambokis GN, Christodoulou D, Baltayiannis G, Christou L. Propranolol use beyond 6 months increases mortality in patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis and ascites. Hepatology. 2016;64(5):1806-8.
112. Giannelli V, Roux O, Laouenan C, Manchon P, Ausloos F, Bachelet D, et al. Impact of cardiac function, refractory ascites and beta blockers on the outcome of patients with cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation. J Hepatol. 2020;72(3):463-71.
113. Leithead JA, Rajoriya N, Tehami N, Hodson J, Gunson BK, Tripathi D, et al. Non-selective beta-blockers are associated with improved survival in patients with ascites listed for liver transplantation. Gut. 2015;64(7):1111-9.
114. Bang UC, Benfield T, Hyldstrup L, Jensen JE, Bendtsen F. Effect of propranolol on survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a nationwide study based Danish patient registers. Liver Int. 2016;36(9):1304-12.
115. Tergast TL, Kimmann M, Laser H, Gerbel S, Manns MP, Cornberg M, et al. Systemic arterial blood pressure determines the therapeutic window of non-selective beta blockers in decompensated cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;50(6):696-706.
116. Mookerjee RP, Pavesi M, Thomsen KL, Mehta G, Macnaughtan J, Bendtsen F, et al. Treatment with non-selective beta blockers is associated with reduced severity of systemic inflammation and improved survival of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. J Hepatol. 2016;64(3):574-82.
117. Aravinthan AD, Barbas AS, Doyle AC, Tazari M, Sapisochin G, Cattral MS, et al. Characteristics of liver transplant candidates delisted following recompensation and predictors of such delisting in alcohol-related liver disease: a case-control study. Transpl Int. 2017;30(11):1140-9.
118. Pose E, Torrents A, Reverter E, Perez-Campuzano V, Campos-Varela I, Avitabile E, et al. A notable proportion of liver transplant candidates with alcohol-related cirrhosis can be delisted because of clinical improvement. J Hepatol. 2021;75(2):275-83.
119. Pascasio JM, Vinaixa C, Ferrer MT, Colmenero J, Rubin A, Castells L, et al. Clinical outcomes of patients undergoing antiviral therapy while awaiting liver transplantation. J Hepatol. 2017;67(6):1168-76.
120. Perricone G, Duvoux C, Berenguer M, Cortesi PA, Vinaixa C, Facchetti R, et al. Delisting HCV-infected liver transplant candidates who improved after viral eradication: Outcome 2 years after delisting. Liver Int. 2018;38(12):2170-7.
121. Nabatchikova EA, Abdurakhmanov DT, Rozina TP, Nikulkina EN, Tanaschuk EL, Moiseev SV. Delisting and clinical outcomes of liver transplant candidates after hepatitis C virus eradication: A long-term single-center experience. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021;45(6):101714.
122. Kim TH, Um SH, Lee YS, Yim SY, Jung YK, Seo YS, et al. Determinants of re-compensation in patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis starting antiviral therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(1):83-96.
123. Wang Q, Zhao H, Deng Y, Zheng H, Xiang H, Nan Y, et al. Validation of Baveno VII criteria for recompensation in entecavir-treated patients with hepatitis B-related decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2022;77(6):1564-72.
124. Feng G, Valenti L, Wong VW, Fouad YM, Yilmaz Y, Kim W, et al. Recompensation in cirrhosis: unravelling the evolving natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023.
125. Amodio P, Del Piccolo F, Marchetti P, Angeli P, Iemmolo R, Caregaro L, et al. Clinical features and survivial of cirrhotic patients with subclinical cognitive alterations detected by the number connection test and computerized psychometric tests. Hepatology. 1999;29(6):1662-7.
126. Hartmann IJ, Groeneweg M, Quero JC, Beijeman SJ, de Man RA, Hop WC, et al. The prognostic significance of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95(8):2029-34.
127. Dhiman RK, Kurmi R, Thumburu KK, Venkataramarao SH, Agarwal R, Duseja A, et al. Diagnosis and prognostic significance of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of liver. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(8):2381-90.
128. Patidar KR, Thacker LR, Wade JB, Sterling RK, Sanyal AJ, Siddiqui MS, et al. Covert hepatic encephalopathy is independently associated with poor survival and increased risk of hospitalization. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(11):1757-63.
129. Taneja S, Dhiman RK, Khatri A, Goyal S, Thumbru KK, Agarwal R, et al. Inhibitory control test for the detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of liver. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2012;2(4):306-14.
130. Gupta D, Ingle M, Shah K, Phadke A, Sawant P. Prospective comparative study of inhibitory control test and psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score for diagnosis and prognosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients in the Indian subcontinent. J Dig Dis. 2015;16(7):400-7.
131. Ampuero J, Simon M, Montoliu C, Jover R, Serra MA, Cordoba J, et al. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy and critical flicker frequency are associated with survival of patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(6):1483-9.
132. Thomsen KL, Macnaughtan J, Tritto G, Mookerjee RP, Jalan R. Clinical and Pathophysiological Characteristics of Cirrhotic Patients with Grade 1 and Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0146076.
133. Wang AJ, Peng AP, Li BM, Gan N, Pei L, Zheng XL, et al. Natural history of covert hepatic encephalopathy: An observational study of 366 cirrhotic patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(34):6321-9.
134. Barone M, Shahini E, Iannone A, Viggiani MT, Corvace V, Principi M, et al. Critical flicker frequency test predicts overt hepatic encephalopathy and survival in patients with liver cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2018;50(5):496-500.
135. Hanai T, Shiraki M, Watanabe S, Imai K, Suetsugu A, Takai K, et al. Prognostic significance of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis in Japan: A propensity score-matching analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34(10):1809-16.
136. Labenz C, Toenges G, Schattenberg JM, Nagel M, Huber Y, Marquardt JU, et al. Outcome Prediction of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis: Comparison of Four Testing Strategies. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2020;11(6):e00172.
137. Nahon P, Lescat M, Layese R, Bourcier V, Talmat N, Allam S, et al. Bacterial infection in compensated viral cirrhosis impairs 5-year survival (ANRS CO12 CirVir prospective cohort). Gut. 2017;66(2):330-41.
138. Villanueva C, Albillos A, Genesca J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Brujats A, Calleja JL, et al. Bacterial infections adversely influence the risk of decompensation and survival in compensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2021;75(3):589-99.
139. Augustin S, Altamirano J, Gonzalez A, Dot J, Abu-Suboh M, Armengol JR, et al. Effectiveness of combined pharmacologic and ligation therapy in high-risk patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(10):1787-95.
140. Olson JC. The gastrointestinal system in the critically ill cirrhotic patient. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2020;26(2):186-91.
141. Diaz-Soto MP, Garcia-Tsao G. Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in liver cirrhosis: a recent update. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2022;15:17562848221101712.
142. Crager S. Critically Ill Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2019;37(3):511-27.
143. Kravetz D, Sikuler E, Groszmann RJ. Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics in portal hypertensive rats during hemorrhage and blood volume restitution. Gastroenterology. 1986;90(5 Pt 1):1232-40.
144. Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, Concepcion M, Hernandez-Gea V, Aracil C, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(1):11-21.
145. Chavez-Tapia NC, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Tellez-Avila FI, Soares-Weiser K, Uribe M. Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;2010(9):CD002907.
146. Chavez-Tapia NC, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Tellez-Avila F, Soares-Weiser K, Mendez-Sanchez N, Gluud C, et al. Meta-analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding - an updated Cochrane review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34(5):509-18.
147. Fernandez J, Ruiz del Arbol L, Gomez C, Durandez R, Serradilla R, Guarner C, et al. Norfloxacin vs ceftriaxone in the prophylaxis of infections in patients with advanced cirrhosis and hemorrhage. Gastroenterology. 2006;131(4):1049-56; quiz 285.
148. Tandon P, Abraldes JG, Keough A, Bastiampillai R, Jayakumar S, Carbonneau M, et al. Risk of Bacterial Infection in Patients With Cirrhosis and Acute Variceal Hemorrhage, Based on Child-Pugh Class, and Effects of Antibiotics. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(6):1189-96 e2.
149. Mohanty A, Kapuria D, Canakis A, Lin H, Amat MJ, Rangel Paniz G, et al. Fresh frozen plasma transfusion in acute variceal haemorrhage: Results from a multicentre cohort study. Liver Int. 2021;41(8):1901-8.
150. Bendtsen F, D'Amico G, Rusch E, de Franchis R, Andersen PK, Lebrec D, et al. Effect of recombinant Factor VIIa on outcome of acute variceal bleeding: an individual patient based meta-analysis of two controlled trials. J Hepatol. 2014;61(2):252-9.
151. Sozio MS, Chalasani N. Activated recombinant factor VIIa should not be used in patients with refractory variceal bleeding: it is mostly ineffective, is expensive, and may rarely cause serious adverse events. Hepatology. 2014;60(5):1786-8.
152. Collaborators H-IT. Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10241):1927-36.
153. Dam G, Vilstrup H, Andersen PK, Bossen L, Watson H, Jepsen P. Effect of proton pump inhibitors on the risk and prognosis of infections in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Liver Int. 2019;39(3):514-21.
154. Tsai CF, Chen MH, Wang YP, Chu CJ, Huang YH, Lin HC, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase Risk for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Cirrhosis in A Population Study. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(1):134-41.
155. Nardelli S, Gioia S, Ridola L, Farcomeni A, Merli M, Riggio O. Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Associated With Minimal and Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy and Increased Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2019;70(2):640-9.
156. Tergast TL, Wranke A, Laser H, Gerbel S, Manns MP, Cornberg M, et al. Dose-dependent impact of proton pump inhibitors on the clinical course of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Liver Int. 2018;38(9):1602-13.
157. Labenz C, Worns MA, Adarkwah CC, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM, Kostev K. Proton pump inhibitors increase risk of bone fractures in men with cirrhosis: a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;52(6):1042-50.
158. Lewis DS, Lee TH, Konanur M, Ziegler C, Hall MD, Pabon-Ramos WM, et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Is Associated with an Increased Frequency of New or Worsening Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2019;30(2):163-9.
159. Mahmud N, Serper M, Taddei TH, Kaplan DE. The Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Exposure and Key Liver-Related Outcomes in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Veterans Affairs Cohort Study. Gastroenterology. 2022;163(1):257-69 e6.
160. Han ML, Chen CC, Kuo SH, Hsu WF, Liou JM, Wu MS, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality after acute variceal bleeding in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and concurrent main portal vein thrombosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29(2):344-51.
161. Allaire M, Thabut D. Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding in patients with liver cancer: Evidence gaps for prevention and management. Hepatology. 2024;79(1):213-23.
162. Rockey DC, Ahn C, de Melo SW, Jr. Randomized pragmatic trial of nasogastric tube placement in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. J Investig Med. 2017;65(4):759-64.
163. Chen PH, Chen WC, Hou MC, Liu TT, Chang CJ, Liao WC, et al. Delayed endoscopy increases re-bleeding and mortality in patients with hematemesis and active esophageal variceal bleeding: a cohort study. J Hepatol. 2012;57(6):1207-13.
164. Bai Z, Wang R, Cheng G, Ma D, Ibrahim M, Chawla S, et al. Outcomes of early versus delayed endoscopy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1S Suppl 1):e868-e76.
165. Alshamsi F, Jaeschke R, Baw B, Alhazzani W. Prophylactic Endotracheal Intubation in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Undergoing Endoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2017;5(3):201-9.
166. Chaudhuri D, Bishay K, Tandon P, Trivedi V, James PD, Kelly EM, et al. Prophylactic endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients with upper gastrointestinal bleed: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JGH Open. 2020;4(1):22-8.
167. Koch DG, Arguedas MR, Fallon MB. Risk of aspiration pneumonia in suspected variceal hemorrhage: the value of prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to endoscopy. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52(9):2225-8.
168. Martinez J, Hernandez-Gea V, Rodriguez-de-Santiago E, Tellez L, Procopet B, Giraldez A, et al. Bacterial infections in patients with acute variceal bleeding in the era of antibiotic prophylaxis. J Hepatol. 2021;75(2):342-50.
169. Levacher S, Letoumelin P, Pateron D, Blaise M, Lapandry C, Pourriat JL. Early administration of terlipressin plus glyceryl trinitrate to control active upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. Lancet. 1995;346(8979):865-8.
170. Avgerinos A, Nevens F, Raptis S, Fevery J. Early administration of somatostatin and efficacy of sclerotherapy in acute oesophageal variceal bleeds: the European Acute Bleeding Oesophageal Variceal Episodes (ABOVE) randomised trial. Lancet. 1997;350(9090):1495-9.
171. Wells M, Chande N, Adams P, Beaton M, Levstik M, Boyce E, et al. Meta-analysis: vasoactive medications for the management of acute variceal bleeds. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(11):1267-78.
172. Seo YS, Park SY, Kim MY, Kim JH, Park JY, Yim HJ, et al. Lack of difference among terlipressin, somatostatin, and octreotide in the control of acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage. Hepatology. 2014;60(3):954-63.
173. Huaringa-Marcelo J, Huaman MR, Branez-Condorena A, Villacorta-Landeo P, Pinto-Ruiz DF, Urday-Ipanaque D, et al. Vasoactive Agents for the Management of Acute Variceal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2021;30(1):110-21.
174. Yan P, Tian X, Li J. Is additional 5-day vasoactive drug therapy necessary for acute variceal bleeding after successful endoscopic hemostasis?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(41):e12826.
175. Yeh JH, Lo GH, Huang RY, Lin CW, Wang WL, Perng DS. Short-course vasoconstrictors are adequate for esophageal variceal bleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Prog. 2021;104(3):368504211031711.
176. Salim A, Malik K, Haq IU, Butt AK, Alam A. Comparison of 12-Hour with 72-Hour Terlipressin Therapy for Bleeding Esophageal Varices. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2017;27(6):334-7.
177. Rengasamy S, Ali SM, Sistla SC, Lakshmi CP, Harichandra Kumar KT. Comparison of 2 days versus 5 days of octreotide infusion along with endoscopic therapy in preventing early rebleed from esophageal varices: a randomized clinical study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;27(4):386-92.
178. Laine L, Cook D. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123(4):280-7.
179. Onofrio FQ, Pereira-Lima JC, Valenca FM, Azeredo-da-Silva ALF, Tetelbom Stein A. Efficacy of endoscopic treatments for acute esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open. 2019;7(11):E1503-E14.
180. Laine L, Stein C, Sharma V. Randomized comparison of ligation versus ligation plus sclerotherapy in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Gastroenterology. 1996;110(2):529-33.
181. Escorsell A, Pavel O, Cardenas A, Morillas R, Llop E, Villanueva C, et al. Esophageal balloon tamponade versus esophageal stent in controlling acute refractory variceal bleeding: A multicenter randomized, controlled trial. Hepatology. 2016;63(6):1957-67.
182. Rodrigues SG, Cardenas A, Escorsell A, Bosch J. Balloon Tamponade and Esophageal Stenting for Esophageal Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Semin Liver Dis. 2019;39(2):178-94.
183. Sarin SK, Lahoti D, Saxena SP, Murthy NS, Makwana UK. Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: a long-term follow-up study in 568 portal hypertension patients. Hepatology. 1992;16(6):1343-9.
184. Ye X, Huai J, Chen Y. Cyanoacrylate injection compared with band ligation for acute gastric variceal hemorrhage: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2014;2014:806586.
185. Rios Castellanos E, Seron P, Gisbert JP, Bonfill Cosp X. Endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate glue versus other endoscopic procedures for acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015(5):CD010180.
186. Qiao W, Ren Y, Bai Y, Liu S, Zhang Q, Zhi F. Cyanoacrylate Injection Versus Band Ligation in the Endoscopic Management of Acute Gastric Variceal Bleeding: Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Studies Based on the PRISMA Statement. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(41):e1725.
187. Giri S, Jearth V, Seth V, Darak H, Sundaram S. Comparison of efficacy and safety of endoscopic and radiological interventions for gastric varices: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Exp Hepatol. 2023;9(1):57-70.
188. Khakwani A, Trivedi M, Afzal M, Kahlon P, Khola, Patel P, et al. Use of Balloon Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO) for Treatment of Gastric Varices: A Narrative Review. Cureus. 2023;15(4):e38233.
189. Yu Q, Liu C, Raissi D. Balloon-occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration Versus Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Gastric Varices: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021;55(2):147-58.
190. Hanafy AS, El Hawary AT. Efficacy of argon plasma coagulation in the management of portal hypertensive gastropathy. Endosc Int Open. 2016;4(10):E1057-E62.
191. El Shahawy MS, Shady ZM, Gaafar A. The Efficacy of Argon Plasma Coagulation versus Carvedilol for Treatment of Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy. Digestion. 2020;101(6):651-8.
192. Fortuna L, Bottari A, Bisogni D, Coratti F, Giudici F, Orlandini B, et al. Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE) a case report, review of the literature and update of techniques. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022;98:107474.
193. Chalhoub JM, Umar J, Groudan K, Hamadeh N, Desilets DJ, Greeff Y. Endoscopic band ligation compared to thermal therapy for gastric antral vascular ectasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. United European Gastroenterol J. 2021;9(2):150-8.
194. Alqadi MM, Chadha S, Patel SS, Chen YF, Gaba RC. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Treatment of Gastric Varices: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2021;44(8):1231-9.
195. Shah KY, Ren A, Simpson RO, Kloster ML, Mikolajczyk A, Bui JT, et al. Combined Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Plus Variceal Obliteration versus Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Alone for the Management of Gastric Varices: Comparative Single-Center Clinical Outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2021;32(2):282-91 e1.
196. Yu J, Wang X, Jiang M, Ma H, Zhou Z, Yang L, et al. Comparison of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) alone and combined with embolisation for the management of cardiofundal varices: a retrospective study. Eur Radiol. 2019;29(2):699-706.
197. Carbonell N, Pauwels A, Serfaty L, Fourdan O, Levy VG, Poupon R. Improved survival after variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis over the past two decades. Hepatology. 2004;40(3):652-9.
198. Sharma S, Agarwal S, Saraya A, Choudhury A, Mahtab MA, Alam MS, et al. Acute variceal bleeding portends poor outcomes in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: a propensity score matched study from the APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC). Hepatol Int. 2022;16(5):1234-43.
199. Trebicka J, Gu W, Ibanez-Samaniego L, Hernandez-Gea V, Pitarch C, Garcia E, et al. Rebleeding and mortality risk are increased by ACLF but reduced by pre-emptive TIPS. J Hepatol. 2020;73(5):1082-91.
200. Kumar R, Kerbert AJC, Sheikh MF, Roth N, Calvao JAF, Mesquita MD, et al. Determinants of mortality in patients with cirrhosis and uncontrolled variceal bleeding. J Hepatol. 2021;74(1):66-79.
201. Depaire M, Larrue H, Rudler M, Nault JC, Bureau C. Futility criteria for preemptive TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding are still missing in most severe patients! J Hepatol. 2021;74(4):997-9.
202. Walter A, Rudler M, Olivas P, Moga L, Trepo E, Robic MA, et al. Combination of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and Lactate Predicts Death in Patients Treated With Salvage Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Refractory Variceal Bleeding. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2085-101.
203. Rudler M, Hernandez-Gea V, Procopet BD, Giraldez A, Amitrano L, Villanueva C, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy is not a contraindication to pre-emptive TIPS in high-risk patients with cirrhosis with variceal bleeding. Gut. 2023;72(4):749-58.
204. Casado M, Bosch J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Bru C, Banares R, Bandi JC, et al. Clinical events after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: correlation with hemodynamic findings. Gastroenterology. 1998;114(6):1296-303.
205. Nicoara-Farcau O, Han G, Rudler M, Angrisani D, Monescillo A, Torres F, et al. Effects of Early Placement of Transjugular Portosystemic Shunts in Patients With High-Risk Acute Variceal Bleeding: a Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(1):193-205 e10.
206. Bureau C, Garcia Pagan JC, Layrargues GP, Metivier S, Bellot P, Perreault P, et al. Patency of stents covered with polytetrafluoroethylene in patients treated by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: long-term results of a randomized multicentre study. Liver Int. 2007;27(6):742-7.
207. Wang Q, Lv Y, Bai M, Wang Z, Liu H, He C, et al. Eight millimetre covered TIPS does not compromise shunt function but reduces hepatic encephalopathy in preventing variceal rebleeding. J Hepatol. 2017;67(3):508-16.
208. de Wit K, Schaapman JJ, Nevens F, Verbeek J, Coenen S, Cuperus FJC, et al. Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy by administration of rifaximin and lactulose in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): a multicentre randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial (PEARL trial). BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2020;7(1).
209. Bureau C, Thabut D, Jezequel C, Archambeaud I, D'Alteroche L, Dharancy S, et al. The Use of Rifaximin in the Prevention of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(5):633-40.
210. Maimone S, Saffioti F, Filomia R, Alibrandi A, Isgro G, Calvaruso V, et al. Predictors of Re-bleeding and Mortality Among Patients with Refractory Variceal Bleeding Undergoing Salvage Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS). Dig Dis Sci. 2019;64(5):1335-45.
211. Bettinger D, Sturm L, Pfaff L, Hahn F, Kloeckner R, Volkwein L, et al. Refining prediction of survival after TIPS with the novel Freiburg index of post-TIPS survival. J Hepatol. 2021;74(6):1362-72.
212. Villagrasa A, Hernandez-Gea V, Bataller R, Giraldez A, Procopet B, Amitrano L, et al. Alcohol-related liver disease phenotype impacts survival after an acute variceal bleeding episode. Liver Int. 2023;43(7):1548-57.
213. Bass NM, Mullen KD, Sanyal A, Poordad F, Neff G, Leevy CB, et al. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(12):1071-81.
214. Kimer N, Krag A, Moller S, Bendtsen F, Gluud LL. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the effects of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(2):123-32.
215. Bajaj JS. Hepatic encephalopathy: classification and treatment. J Hepatol. 2018;68(4):838-9.
216. Uribe M, Campollo O, Vargas F, Ravelli GP, Mundo F, Zapata L, et al. Acidifying enemas (lactitol and lactose) vs. nonacidifying enemas (tap water) to treat acute portal-systemic encephalopathy: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Hepatology. 1987;7(4):639-43.
217. Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY. Nonabsorbable disaccharides for hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2016;64(3):908-22.
218. Riggio O, Merlli M, Pedretti G, Servi R, Meddi P, Lionetti R, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Incidence and risk factors. Dig Dis Sci. 1996;41(3):578-84.
219. Riggio O, Masini A, Efrati C, Nicolao F, Angeloni S, Salvatori FM, et al. Pharmacological prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a randomized controlled study. J Hepatol. 2005;42(5):674-9.
220. Kang SH, Lee YB, Lee JH, Nam JY, Chang Y, Cho H, et al. Rifaximin treatment is associated with reduced risk of cirrhotic complications and prolonged overall survival in patients experiencing hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46(9):845-55.
221. Hanouneh MA, Hanouneh IA, Hashash JG, Law R, Esfeh JM, Lopez R, et al. The role of rifaximin in the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;46(8):709-15.
222. Assem M, Elsabaawy M, Abdelrashed M, Elemam S, Khodeer S, Hamed W, et al. Efficacy and safety of alternating norfloxacin and rifaximin as primary prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic ascites: a prospective randomized open-label comparative multicenter study. Hepatol Int. 2016;10(2):377-85.
223. Elfert A, Abo Ali L, Soliman S, Ibrahim S, Abd-Elsalam S. Randomized-controlled trial of rifaximin versus norfloxacin for secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;28(12):1450-4.
224. Komolafe O, Roberts D, Freeman SC, Wilson P, Sutton AJ, Cooper NJ, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with liver cirrhosis: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;1(1):CD013125.
225. Soni H, Kumar MP, Sharma V, Bellam BL, Mishra S, Mahendru D, et al. Antibiotics for prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: systematic review & Bayesian network meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2020;14(3):399-413.
226. Piano S, Fasolato S, Salinas F, Romano A, Tonon M, Morando F, et al. The empirical antibiotic treatment of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Hepatology. 2016;63(4):1299-309.
227. Moreau R, Elkrief L, Bureau C, Perarnau JM, Thevenot T, Saliba F, et al. Effects of Long-term Norfloxacin Therapy in Patients With Advanced Cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(6):1816-27 e9.
228. Tito L, Rimola A, Gines P, Llach J, Arroyo V, Rodes J. Recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: frequency and predictive factors. Hepatology. 1988;8(1):27-31.
229. Gines P, Rimola A, Planas R, Vargas V, Marco F, Almela M, et al. Norfloxacin prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology. 1990;12(4 Pt 1):716-24.
230. Arvaniti V, D'Amico G, Fede G, Manousou P, Tsochatzis E, Pleguezuelo M, et al. Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(4):1246-56, 56 e1-5.
231. Merli M, Lucidi C, Pentassuglio I, Giannelli V, Giusto M, Di Gregorio V, et al. Increased risk of cognitive impairment in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections. J Hepatol. 2013;59(2):243-50.
232. Huelin P, Piano S, Sola E, Stanco M, Sole C, Moreira R, et al. Validation of a Staging System for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Cirrhosis and Association With Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(3):438-45 e5.
233. Dionigi E, Garcovich M, Borzio M, Leandro G, Majumdar A, Tsami A, et al. Bacterial Infections Change Natural History of Cirrhosis Irrespective of Liver Disease Severity. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(4):588-96.
234. Runyon BA. Low-protein-concentration ascitic fluid is predisposed to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology. 1986;91(6):1343-6.
235. Schwabl P, Bucsics T, Soucek K, Mandorfer M, Bota S, Blacky A, et al. Risk factors for development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and subsequent mortality in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Liver Int. 2015;35(9):2121-8.
236. Terg R, Casciato P, Garbe C, Cartier M, Stieben T, Mendizabal M, et al. Proton pump inhibitor therapy does not increase the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: a multicenter prospective study. J Hepatol. 2015;62(5):1056-60.
237. Bruns T, Lutz P, Stallmach A, Nischalke HD. Low ascitic fluid protein does not indicate an increased risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in current cohorts. J Hepatol. 2015;63(2):527-8.
238. Fernandez J, Navasa M, Planas R, Montoliu S, Monfort D, Soriano G, et al. Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2007;133(3):818-24.
239. Nadim MK, Durand F, Kellum JA, Levitsky J, O'Leary JG, Karvellas CJ, et al. Management of the critically ill patient with cirrhosis: A multidisciplinary perspective. J Hepatol. 2016;64(3):717-35.
240. Arroyo V, Gines P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club. Hepatology. 1996;23(1):164-76.
241. Thevenot T, Bureau C, Oberti F, Anty R, Louvet A, Plessier A, et al. Effect of albumin in cirrhotic patients with infection other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A randomized trial. J Hepatol. 2015;62(4):822-30.
242. Guevara M, Terra C, Nazar A, Sola E, Fernandez J, Pavesi M, et al. Albumin for bacterial infections other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. A randomized, controlled study. J Hepatol. 2012;57(4):759-65.
243. Fernandez J, Angeli P, Trebicka J, Merli M, Gustot T, Alessandria C, et al. Efficacy of Albumin Treatment for Patients with Cirrhosis and Infections Unrelated to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(4):963-73 e14.
244. European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address eee, European Association for the Study of the L. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018;69(2):406-60.
245. Wang L, Guo X, Xu X, De Stefano V, Plessier A, Noronha Ferreira C, et al. Anticoagulation Favors Thrombus Recanalization and Survival in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis and Portal Vein Thrombosis: Results of a Meta-Analysis. Adv Ther. 2021;38(1):495-520.
246. Guerrero A, Campo LD, Piscaglia F, Scheiner B, Han G, Violi F, et al. Anticoagulation improves survival in patients with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis: The IMPORTAL competing-risk meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2023;79(1):69-78.
247. Senzolo M, Riva N, Dentali F, Rodriguez-Castro K, Sartori MT, Bang SM, et al. Long-Term Outcome of Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2018;9(8):176.
248. Delgado MG, Seijo S, Yepes I, Achecar L, Catalina MV, Garcia-Criado A, et al. Efficacy and safety of anticoagulation on patients with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(7):776-83.
249. Rodriguez-Castro KI, Vitale A, Fadin M, Shalaby S, Zerbinati P, Sartori MT, et al. A prediction model for successful anticoagulation in cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;31(1):34-42.
250. Senzolo M, T MS, Rossetto V, Burra P, Cillo U, Boccagni P, et al. Prospective evaluation of anticoagulation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the management of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2012;32(6):919-27.
251. Pettinari I, Vukotic R, Stefanescu H, Pecorelli A, Morelli M, Grigoras C, et al. Clinical Impact and Safety of Anticoagulants for Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114(2):258-66.
252. Luca A, Caruso S, Milazzo M, Marrone G, Mamone G, Crino F, et al. Natural course of extrahepatic nonmalignant partial portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis. Radiology. 2012;265(1):124-32.
253. Qi X, He C, Guo W, Yin Z, Wang J, Wang Z, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal vein thrombosis with variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis: outcomes and predictors in a prospective cohort study. Liver Int. 2016;36(5):667-76.
254. Lv Y, Qi X, He C, Wang Z, Yin Z, Niu J, et al. Covered TIPS versus endoscopic band ligation plus propranolol for the prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2018;67(12):2156-68.
255. Englesbe MJ, Schaubel DE, Cai S, Guidinger MK, Merion RM. Portal vein thrombosis and liver transplant survival benefit. Liver Transpl. 2010;16(8):999-1005.
256. Zanetto A, Rodriguez-Kastro KI, Germani G, Ferrarese A, Cillo U, Burra P, et al. Mortality in liver transplant recipients with portal vein thrombosis - an updated meta-analysis. Transpl Int. 2018;31(12):1318-29.
257. Fundora Y, Hessheimer AJ, Del Prete L, Maroni L, Lanari J, Barrios O, et al. Alternative forms of portal vein revascularization in liver transplant recipients with complex portal vein thrombosis. J Hepatol. 2023;78(4):794-804.
258. Ditah IC, Al Bawardy BF, Saberi B, Ditah C, Kamath PS. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt for medically refractory hepatic hydrothorax: A systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis. World J Hepatol. 2015;7(13):1797-806.
259. Jindal A, Mukund A, Kumar G, Sarin SK. Efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in difficult-to-manage hydrothorax in cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2019;39(11):2164-73.
260. Osman KT, Abdelfattah AM, Mahmood SK, Elkhabiry L, Gordon FD, Qamar AA. Refractory Hepatic Hydrothorax Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality When Compared to Refractory Ascites. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;67(10):4929-38.
261. Ma B, Shang T, Huang J, Tu Z, Wang Y, Han Y, et al. The impact and role of hepatic hydrothorax in the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis: A retrospective propensity score-matched study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:904414.
262. Badillo R, Rockey DC. Hepatic hydrothorax: clinical features, management, and outcomes in 77 patients and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014;93(3):135-42.
263. O'Leary JG, Rajender Reddy K, Tandon P, Biggins SW, Wong F, Kamath PS, et al. Increased Risk of ACLF and Inpatient Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Cirrhosis and Hepatic Hydrothorax. Dig Dis Sci. 2021;66(10):3612-8.
264. Sharma BC, Sharma P, Lunia MK, Srivastava S, Goyal R, Sarin SK. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(9):1458-63.
265. Fu J, Gao Y, Shi L. Combination therapy with rifaximin and lactulose in hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(4):e0267647.
266. Dhiman RK, Thumburu KK, Verma N, Chopra M, Rathi S, Dutta U, et al. Comparative Efficacy of Treatment Options for Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(4):800-12 e25.
267. Bajaj JS, Pinkerton SD, Sanyal AJ, Heuman DM. Diagnosis and treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy to prevent motor vehicle accidents: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Hepatology. 2012;55(4):1164-71.
268. Sola E, Sole C, Simon-Talero M, Martin-Llahi M, Castellote J, Garcia-Martinez R, et al. Midodrine and albumin for prevention of complications in patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. A randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Hepatol. 2018;69(6):1250-9.
269. Caraceni P, Riggio O, Angeli P, Alessandria C, Neri S, Foschi FG, et al. Long-term albumin administration in decompensated cirrhosis (ANSWER): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10138):2417-29.
270. Ng CH, Tan DJH, Nistala KRY, Syn N, Xiao J, Tan EXX, et al. A network meta-analysis of direct oral anticoagulants for portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis. Hepatol Int. 2021;15(5):1196-206.
271. Serper M, Weinberg EM, Cohen JB, Reese PP, Taddei TH, Kaplan DE. Mortality and Hepatic Decompensation in Patients With Cirrhosis and Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Anticoagulation. Hepatology. 2021;73(1):219-32.
272. Nisly SA, Mihm AE, Gillette C, Davis KA, Tillett J. Safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with mild to moderate cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021;52(3):817-27.
273. Larrue H, D'Amico G, Olivas P, Lv Y, Bucsics T, Rudler M, et al. TIPS prevents further decompensation and improves survival in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension in an individual patient data meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2023;79(3):692-703.
274. Nicoara-Farcau O, Han G, Rudler M, Angrisani D, Monescillo A, Torres F, et al. Pre-emptive TIPS in high-risk acute variceal bleeding. An updated and revised individual patient data meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2023.
275. Fagiuoli S, Bruno R, Debernardi Venon W, Schepis F, Vizzutti F, Toniutto P, et al. Consensus conference on TIPS management: Techniques, indications, contraindications. Dig Liver Dis. 2017;49(2):121-37.
276. Bommena S, Mahmud N, Boike JR, Thornburg BG, Kolli KP, Lai JC, et al. The impact of right atrial pressure on outcomes in patients undergoing TIPS, an ALTA group study. Hepatology. 2023;77(6):2041-51.
277. Sarwar A, Zhou L, Novack V, Tapper EB, Curry M, Malik R, et al. Hospital volume and mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation in the United States. Hepatology. 2018;67(2):690-9.
278. Rajesh S, George T, Philips CA, Ahamed R, Kumbar S, Mohan N, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhosis: An exhaustive critical update. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(37):5561-96.
279. Billey C, Billet S, Robic MA, Cognet T, Guillaume M, Vinel JP, et al. A Prospective Study Identifying Predictive Factors of Cardiac Decompensation After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: The Toulouse Algorithm. Hepatology. 2019;70(6):1928-41.
280. Perarnau JM, Le Gouge A, Nicolas C, d'Alteroche L, Borentain P, Saliba F, et al. Covered vs. uncovered stents for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol. 2014;60(5):962-8.
281. Abraldes JG, Gilabert R, Turnes J, Nicolau C, Berzigotti A, Aponte J, et al. Utility of color Doppler ultrasonography predicting tips dysfunction. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(12):2696-701.
282. Reverter E, Tandon P, Augustin S, Turon F, Casu S, Bastiampillai R, et al. A MELD-based model to determine risk of mortality among patients with acute variceal bleeding. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(2):412-19 e3.
283. Abraldes JG, Villanueva C, Banares R, Aracil C, Catalina MV, Garci APJC, et al. Hepatic venous pressure gradient and prognosis in patients with acute variceal bleeding treated with pharmacologic and endoscopic therapy. J Hepatol. 2008;48(2):229-36.
284. D'Amico G, De Franchis R, Cooperative Study G. Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis. Post-therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators. Hepatology. 2003;38(3):599-612.
285. Augustin S, Muntaner L, Altamirano JT, Gonzalez A, Saperas E, Dot J, et al. Predicting early mortality after acute variceal hemorrhage based on classification and regression tree analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(12):1347-54.
286. Monescillo A, Martinez-Lagares F, Ruiz-del-Arbol L, Sierra A, Guevara C, Jimenez E, et al. Influence of portal hypertension and its early decompression by TIPS placement on the outcome of variceal bleeding. Hepatology. 2004;40(4):793-801.
287. Garcia-Pagan JC, Caca K, Bureau C, Laleman W, Appenrodt B, Luca A, et al. Early use of TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(25):2370-9.
288. Garcia-Pagan JC, Di Pascoli M, Caca K, Laleman W, Bureau C, Appenrodt B, et al. Use of early-TIPS for high-risk variceal bleeding: results of a post-RCT surveillance study. J Hepatol. 2013;58(1):45-50.
289. Rudler M, Cluzel P, Corvec TL, Benosman H, Rousseau G, Poynard T, et al. Early-TIPSS placement prevents rebleeding in high-risk patients with variceal bleeding, without improving survival. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(9):1074-80.
290. Hernandez-Gea V, Procopet B, Giraldez A, Amitrano L, Villanueva C, Thabut D, et al. Preemptive-TIPS Improves Outcome in High-Risk Variceal Bleeding: An Observational Study. Hepatology. 2019;69(1):282-93.
291. Lv Y, Yang Z, Liu L, Li K, He C, Wang Z, et al. Early TIPS with covered stents versus standard treatment for acute variceal bleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4(8):587-98.
292. Dunne PDJ, Sinha R, Stanley AJ, Lachlan N, Ireland H, Shams A, et al. Randomised clinical trial: standard of care versus early-transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPSS) in patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal variceal bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;52(1):98-106.
293. Graham DY, Smith JL. The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology. 1981;80(4):800-9.
294. Rudler M, Rousseau G, Thabut D. Salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt followed by early transplantation in patients with Child C14-15 cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding: a strategy improving survival. Transpl Int. 2013;26(6):E50-1.
295. Lebrec D, Giuily N, Hadengue A, Vilgrain V, Moreau R, Poynard T, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: comparison with paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a randomized trial. French Group of Clinicians and a Group of Biologists. J Hepatol. 1996;25(2):135-44.
296. Rossle M, Ochs A, Gulberg V, Siegerstetter V, Holl J, Deibert P, et al. A comparison of paracentesis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting in patients with ascites. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(23):1701-7.
297. Gines P, Uriz J, Calahorra B, Garcia-Tsao G, Kamath PS, Del Arbol LR, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting versus paracentesis plus albumin for refractory ascites in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2002;123(6):1839-47.
298. Sanyal AJ, Genning C, Reddy KR, Wong F, Kowdley KV, Benner K, et al. The North American Study for the Treatment of Refractory Ascites. Gastroenterology. 2003;124(3):634-41.
299. Salerno F, Merli M, Riggio O, Cazzaniga M, Valeriano V, Pozzi M, et al. Randomized controlled study of TIPS versus paracentesis plus albumin in cirrhosis with severe ascites. Hepatology. 2004;40(3):629-35.
300. Narahara Y, Kanazawa H, Fukuda T, Matsushita Y, Harimoto H, Kidokoro H, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus paracentesis plus albumin in patients with refractory ascites who have good hepatic and renal function: a prospective randomized trial. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(1):78-85.
301. Bureau C, Thabut D, Oberti F, Dharancy S, Carbonell N, Bouvier A, et al. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts With Covered Stents Increase Transplant-Free Survival of Patients With Cirrhosis and Recurrent Ascites. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(1):157-63.
302. Bureau C, Metivier S, D'Amico M, Peron JM, Otal P, Pagan JC, et al. Serum bilirubin and platelet count: a simple predictive model for survival in patients with refractory ascites treated by TIPS. J Hepatol. 2011;54(5):901-7.
303. Salerno F, Camma C, Enea M, Rossle M, Wong F. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory ascites: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Gastroenterology. 2007;133(3):825-34.
304. Li J, Tang S, Zhao J, Zhang C, Jiang Z, Xue H, et al. Long-term survival prediction for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in severe cirrhotic ascites: assessment of ten prognostic models. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(12):1547-55.
305. Aicart-Ramos M, Ibanez-Samaniego L, Hernandez-Gea V, Martinez-Lozano H, Rodriguez-de-Santiago E, Catalina MV, et al. A simple nomogram identifies patients with refractory ascites with worse outcome after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;33(1S Suppl 1):e587-e93.
306. Krag A, Wiest R, Albillos A, Gluud LL. The window hypothesis: haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic effects of beta-blockers improve survival of patients with cirrhosis during a window in the disease. Gut. 2012;61(7):967-9.
307. Bossen L, Krag A, Vilstrup H, Watson H, Jepsen P. Nonselective beta-blockers do not affect mortality in cirrhosis patients with ascites: Post Hoc analysis of three randomized controlled trials with 1198 patients. Hepatology. 2016;63(6):1968-76.
308. Chen WC, Hsin IF, Chen PH, Hsu PI, Wang YP, Cheng JS, et al. Addition of Carvedilol to Gastric Variceal Obturation Does Not Decrease Recurrence of Gastric Variceal Bleeding in Patients With Cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(11):2356-63 e2.
309. Hung HH, Chang CJ, Hou MC, Liao WC, Chan CC, Huang HC, et al. Efficacy of non-selective beta-blockers as adjunct to endoscopic prophylactic treatment for gastric variceal bleeding: a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol. 2012;56(5):1025-32.
310. Lo GH, Liang HL, Chen WC, Chen MH, Lai KH, Hsu PI, et al. A prospective, randomized controlled trial of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus cyanoacrylate injection in the prevention of gastric variceal rebleeding. Endoscopy. 2007;39(8):679-85.
311. Mahadeva S, Bellamy MC, Kessel D, Davies MH, Millson CE. Cost-effectiveness of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (histoacryl) glue injections versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the management of acute gastric variceal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(12):2688-93.
312. Procaccini NJ, Al-Osaimi AM, Northup P, Argo C, Caldwell SH. Endoscopic cyanoacrylate versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for gastric variceal bleeding: a single-center U.S. analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70(5):881-7.
313. Hong CH, Kim HJ, Park JH, Park DI, Cho YK, Sohn CI, et al. Treatment of patients with gastric variceal hemorrhage: endoscopic N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection versus balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24(3):372-8.
314. Akahoshi T, Tomikawa M, Kamori M, Tsutsumi N, Nagao Y, Hashizume M, et al. Impact of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration on management of isolated fundal gastric variceal bleeding. Hepatol Res. 2012;42(4):385-93.
315. Emori K, Toyonaga A, Oho K, Kumamoto M, Haruta T, Inoue H, et al. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration versus endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for isolated gastric varices: a comparative study. Kurume Med J. 2014;60(3-4):105-13.
316. Stein DJ, Salinas C, Sabri S, Onyeali R, Caldwell S, Henry Z. Balloon Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration Versus Endoscopic Cyanoacrylate in Bleeding Gastric Varices: Comparison of Rebleeding and Mortality with Extended Follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2019;30(2):187-94.
317. Luo X, Xiang T, Wu J, Wang X, Zhu Y, Xi X, et al. Endoscopic Cyanoacrylate Injection Versus Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Prevention of Gastric Variceal Bleeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hepatology. 2021;74(4):2074-84.
318. Paleti S, Nutalapati V, Fathallah J, Jeepalyam S, Rustagi T. Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO) Versus Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) for Treatment of Gastric Varices Because of Portal Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(7):655-60.
319. Gaba RC, Bui JT, Cotler SJ, Kallwitz ER, Mengin OT, Martinez BK, et al. Rebleeding rates following TIPS for variceal hemorrhage in the Viatorr era: TIPS alone versus TIPS with variceal embolization. Hepatol Int. 2010;4(4):749-56.
320. Chen S, Li X, Wei B, Tong H, Zhang MG, Huang ZY, et al. Recurrent variceal bleeding and shunt patency: prospective randomized controlled trial of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt alone or combined with coronary vein embolization. Radiology. 2013;268(3):900-6.
321. Lv Y, Chen H, Luo B, Bai W, Li K, Wang Z, et al. Concurrent large spontaneous portosystemic shunt embolization for the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS: A randomized controlled trial. Hepatology. 2022;76(3):676-88.
322. Lv Y, Chen H, Luo B, Bai W, Li K, Wang Z, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with or without gastro-oesophageal variceal embolisation for the prevention of variceal rebleeding: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;7(8):736-46.
323. Patwardhan VR, Cardenas A. Review article: the management of portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(4):354-62.
324. Vangeli M, Patch D, Terreni N, Tibballs J, Watkinson A, Davies N, et al. Bleeding ectopic varices--treatment with transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) and embolisation. J Hepatol. 2004;41(4):560-6.
325. Kochar N, Tripathi D, McAvoy NC, Ireland H, Redhead DN, Hayes PC. Bleeding ectopic varices in cirrhosis: the role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(3):294-303.
326. Oey RC, de Wit K, Moelker A, Atalik T, van Delden OM, Maleux G, et al. Variable efficacy of TIPSS in the management of ectopic variceal bleeding: a multicentre retrospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(9):975-83.
327. Katz JA, Rubin RA, Cope C, Holland G, Brass CA. Recurrent bleeding from anorectal varices: successful treatment with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(7):1104-7.
328. Romano J, Welden CV, Orr J, McGuire B, Shoreibah M. Case Series Regarding Parastomal Variceal Bleeding: Presentation and Management. Ann Hepatol. 2019;18(1):250-7.
329. Tranah TH, Nayagam JS, Gregory S, Hughes S, Patch D, Tripathi D, et al. Diagnosis and management of ectopic varices in portal hypertension. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8(11):1046-56.
330. Teh SH, Nagorney DM, Stevens SR, Offord KP, Therneau TM, Plevak DJ, et al. Risk factors for mortality after surgery in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(4):1261-9.
331. Mahmud N, Fricker Z, Hubbard RA, Ioannou GN, Lewis JD, Taddei TH, et al. Risk Prediction Models for Post-Operative Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2021;73(1):204-18.
332. Csikesz NG, Nguyen LN, Tseng JF, Shah SA. Nationwide volume and mortality after elective surgery in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208(1):96-103.
333. Telem DA, Schiano T, Goldstone R, Han DK, Buch KE, Chin EH, et al. Factors that predict outcome of abdominal operations in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8(5):451-7, quiz e58.
334. de Goede B, Klitsie PJ, Lange JF, Metselaar HJ, Kazemier G. Morbidity and mortality related to non-hepatic surgery in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;26(1):47-59.
335. De Stefano F, Garcia CR, Gupta M, Marti F, Turcios L, Dugan A, et al. Outcomes in patients with portal hypertension undergoing gastrointestinal surgery: A propensity score matched analysis from the NSQIP dataset. Am J Surg. 2019;217(4):664-9.
336. Reverter E, Cirera I, Albillos A, Debernardi-Venon W, Abraldes JG, Llop E, et al. The prognostic role of hepatic venous pressure gradient in cirrhotic patients undergoing elective extrahepatic surgery. J Hepatol. 2019;71(5):942-50.
337. Vinet E, Perreault P, Bouchard L, Bernard D, Wassef R, Richard C, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt before abdominal surgery in cirrhotic patients: a retrospective, comparative study. Can J Gastroenterol. 2006;20(6):401-4.
338. Tabchouri N, Barbier L, Menahem B, Perarnau JM, Muscari F, Fares N, et al. Original Study: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt as a Bridge to Abdominal Surgery in Cirrhotic Patients. J Gastrointest Surg. 2019;23(12):2383-90.
339. Chang J, Hofer P, Bohling N, Lingohr P, Manekeller S, Kalff JC, et al. Preoperative TIPS prevents the development of postoperative acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with high CLIF-C AD score. JHEP Rep. 2022;4(3):100442.
340. Kim JJ, Dasika NL, Yu E, Fontana RJ. Cirrhotic patients with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt undergoing major extrahepatic surgery. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009;43(6):574-9.
341. Boike JR, Thornburg BG, Asrani SK, Fallon MB, Fortune BE, Izzy MJ, et al. North American Practice-Based Recommendations for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Portal Hypertension. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(8):1636-62 e36.
342. Deibert P, Schwarz S, Olschewski M, Siegerstetter V, Blum HE, Rossle M. Risk factors and prevention of early infection after implantation or revision of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: results of a randomized study. Dig Dis Sci. 1998;43(8):1708-13.
343. Escorsell A, Banares R, Garcia-Pagan JC, Gilabert R, Moitinho E, Piqueras B, et al. TIPS versus drug therapy in preventing variceal rebleeding in advanced cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology. 2002;35(2):385-92.
344. Sauer P, Hansmann J, Richter GM, Stremmel W, Stiehl A. Endoscopic variceal ligation plus propranolol vs. transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt: a long-term randomized trial. Endoscopy. 2002;34(9):690-7.
345. Luo X, Wang Z, Tsauo J, Zhou B, Zhang H, Li X. Advanced Cirrhosis Combined with Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Randomized Trial of TIPS versus Endoscopic Band Ligation Plus Propranolol for the Prevention of Recurrent Esophageal Variceal Bleeding. Radiology. 2015;276(1):286-93.
346. Sauerbruch T, Mengel M, Dollinger M, Zipprich A, Rossle M, Panther E, et al. Prevention of Rebleeding From Esophageal Varices in Patients With Cirrhosis Receiving Small-Diameter Stents Versus Hemodynamically Controlled Medical Therapy. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(3):660-8 e1.
347. Holster IL, Tjwa ET, Moelker A, Wils A, Hansen BE, Vermeijden JR, et al. Covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus endoscopic therapy + beta-blocker for prevention of variceal rebleeding. Hepatology. 2016;63(2):581-9.
348. Wang X, Liu G, Wu J, Xiao X, Yan Y, Guo Y, et al. Small-Diameter Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt versus Endoscopic Variceal Ligation Plus Propranolol for Variceal Rebleeding in Advanced Cirrhosis. Radiology. 2023;308(2):e223201.
349. Diaz-Sanchez A, Nunez-Martinez O, Gonzalez-Asanza C, Matilla A, Merino B, Rincon D, et al. Portal hypertensive colopathy is associated with portal hypertension severity in cirrhotic patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(38):4781-7.
350. Hung ML, Lee EW. Role of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in the Management of Portal Hypertension: Review and Update of the Literature. Clin Liver Dis. 2019;23(4):737-54.
351. Garcia-Pagan JC, Valla DC. Primary Budd-Chiari Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(14):1307-16.
352. Magaz M, Alvarez-Larran A, Colomer D, Lopez-Guerra M, Garcia-Criado MA, Mezzano G, et al. Next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of non-cirrhotic splanchnic vein thrombosis. J Hepatol. 2021;74(1):89-95.
353. Van Wettere M, Purcell Y, Bruno O, Payance A, Plessier A, Rautou PE, et al. Low specificity of washout to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma in nodules showing arterial hyperenhancement in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Hepatol. 2019;70(6):1123-32.
354. Van Wettere M, Paulatto L, Raynaud L, Bruno O, Payance A, Plessier A, et al. Hepatobiliary MR contrast agents are useful to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(3):100097.
355. Arita J, Ono Y, Takahashi M, Inoue Y, Takahashi Y, Matsueda K, et al. Routine Preoperative Liver-specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging Does Not Exclude the Necessity of Contrast-enhanced Intraoperative Ultrasound in Hepatic Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastasis. Ann Surg. 2015;262(6):1086-91.
356. Seijo S, Plessier A, Hoekstra J, Dell'era A, Mandair D, Rifai K, et al. Good long-term outcome of Budd-Chiari syndrome with a step-wise management. Hepatology. 2013;57(5):1962-8.
357. European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address eee. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Vascular diseases of the liver. J Hepatol. 2016;64(1):179-202.
358. Intagliata NM, Caldwell SH, Tripodi A. Diagnosis, Development, and Treatment of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients With and Without Cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(6):1582-99 e1.
359. Northup PG, Garcia-Pagan JC, Garcia-Tsao G, Intagliata NM, Superina RA, Roberts LN, et al. Vascular Liver Disorders, Portal Vein Thrombosis, and Procedural Bleeding in Patients With Liver Disease: 2020 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021;73(1):366-413.
360. Liu FY, Wang MQ, Fan QS, Duan F, Wang ZJ, Song P. Interventional treatment for symptomatic acute-subacute portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(40):5028-34.
361. Senzolo M, Tibbals J, Cholongitas E, Triantos CK, Burroughs AK, Patch D. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal vein thrombosis with and without cavernous transformation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;23(6):767-75.
362. Klinger C, Riecken B, Schmidt A, De Gottardi A, Meier B, Bosch J, et al. Transjugular portal vein recanalization with creation of intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PVR-TIPS) in patients with chronic non-cirrhotic, non-malignant portal vein thrombosis. Z Gastroenterol. 2018;56(3):221-37.
363. Rodrigues SG, Sixt S, Abraldes JG, De Gottardi A, Klinger C, Bosch J, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: portal vein recanalisation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal vein thrombosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;49(1):20-30.
364. Knight GM, Clark J, Boike JR, Maddur H, Ganger DR, Talwar A, et al. TIPS for Adults Without Cirrhosis With Chronic Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis and EHPVO Refractory to Standard-of-Care Therapy. Hepatology. 2021;74(5):2735-44.
365. Condat B, Pessione F, Hillaire S, Denninger MH, Guillin MC, Poliquin M, et al. Current outcome of portal vein thrombosis in adults: risk and benefit of anticoagulant therapy. Gastroenterology. 2001;120(2):490-7.
366. Ageno W, Dentali F, Pomero F, Fenoglio L, Squizzato A, Pagani G, et al. Incidence rates and case fatality rates of portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari Syndrome. Thromb Haemost. 2017;117(4):794-800.
367. Noronha Ferreira C, Seijo S, Plessier A, Silva-Junior G, Turon F, Rautou PE, et al. Natural history and management of esophagogastric varices in chronic noncirrhotic, nontumoral portal vein thrombosis. Hepatology. 2016;63(5):1640-50.
368. De Gottardi A, Rautou PE, Schouten J, Rubbia-Brandt L, Leebeek F, Trebicka J, et al. Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease: proposal and description of a novel entity. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4(5):399-411.
369. De Gottardi A, Sempoux C, Berzigotti A. Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder. J Hepatol. 2022;77(4):1124-35.
370. Schouten JN, Garcia-Pagan JC, Valla DC, Janssen HL. Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Hepatology. 2011;54(3):1071-81.
371. Guido M, Sarcognato S, Sonzogni A, Luca MG, Senzolo M, Fagiuoli S, et al. Obliterative portal venopathy without portal hypertension: an underestimated condition. Liver Int. 2016;36(3):454-60.
372. Woran K, Semmler G, Jachs M, Simbrunner B, Bauer DJM, Binter T, et al. Clinical Course of Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disease Is Distinct From Idiopathic Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(2):e251-e66.
373. Wanless IR. Micronodular transformation (nodular regenerative hyperplasia) of the liver: a report of 64 cases among 2,500 autopsies and a new classification of benign hepatocellular nodules. Hepatology. 1990;11(5):787-97.
374. Sciot R, Staessen D, Van Damme B, Van Steenbergen W, Fevery J, De Groote J, et al. Incomplete septal cirrhosis: histopathological aspects. Histopathology. 1988;13(6):593-603.
375. Krasinskas AM, Goldsmith JD, Burke A, Furth EE. Abnormal intrahepatic portal vasculature in native and allograft liver biopsies: a comparative analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(10):1382-8.
376. Cazals-Hatem D, Hillaire S, Rudler M, Plessier A, Paradis V, Condat B, et al. Obliterative portal venopathy: portal hypertension is not always present at diagnosis. J Hepatol. 2011;54(3):455-61.
377. Guido M, Sarcognato S, Sacchi D, Colloredo G. Pathology of idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Virchows Arch. 2018;473(1):23-31.
378. Matsutani S, Maruyama H, Akiike T, Kobayashi S, Yoshizumi H, Okugawa H, et al. Study of portal vein thrombosis in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension in Japan. Liver Int. 2005;25(5):978-83.
379. Schouten JN, Nevens F, Hansen B, Laleman W, van den Born M, Komuta M, et al. Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension is associated with poor survival: results of a long-term cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(12):1424-33.
380. Siramolpiwat S, Seijo S, Miquel R, Berzigotti A, Garcia-Criado A, Darnell A, et al. Idiopathic portal hypertension: natural history and long-term outcome. Hepatology. 2014;59(6):2276-85.
381. Hillaire S, Bonte E, Denninger MH, Casadevall N, Cadranel JF, Lebrec D, et al. Idiopathic non-cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension in the West: a re-evaluation in 28 patients. Gut. 2002;51(2):275-80.
382. Pulvirenti F, Pentassuglio I, Milito C, Valente M, De Santis A, Conti V, et al. Idiopathic non cirrhotic portal hypertension and spleno-portal axis abnormalities in patients with severe primary antibody deficiencies. J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:672458.
383. Hollande C, Mallet V, Darbeda S, Vallet-Pichard A, Fontaine H, Verkarre V, et al. Impact of Obliterative Portal Venopathy Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(11):e3081.
384. Seinen ML, van Asseldonk DP, de Boer NK, Bouma G, van Nieuwkerk CM, Mulder CJ, et al. Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia of the Liver in Patients with IBD Treated with Allopurinol-Thiopurine Combination Therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23(3):448-52.
385. Shah SR, DasGupta A, Sharma A, Joshi A, Desai D, Abraham P, et al. Thrombophilic conditions in non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2005;24(5):205-10.
386. Koot BG, Alders M, Verheij J, Beuers U, Cobben JM. A de novo mutation in KCNN3 associated with autosomal dominant idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2016;64(4):974-7.
387. Bissonnette J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Albillos A, Turon F, Ferreira C, Tellez L, et al. Role of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the management of severe complications of portal hypertension in idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):224-31.
388. Kim HP, Navarro V, Zacks S, Odin J, Kleiner DE, Hayashi PH, et al. The Clinical Spectrum and Diagnosis of Oxaliplatin Liver Injury in the Era of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(10):2199-201.
389. Shan J, Megarbane A, Chouchane A, Karthik D, Temanni R, Romero AR, et al. Genetic predisposition to porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder: A functional genomic-based, multigenerational family study. Hepatology. 2023;77(2):501-11.
390. Magaz M, Giudicelli-Lett H, Nicoara-Farcau O, Rajoriya N, Goel A, Raymenants K, et al. Liver Transplantation for Porto-sinusoidal Vascular Liver Disorder: Long-term Outcome. Transplantation. 2023;107(6):1330-40.
391. Condat B, Pessione F, Helene Denninger M, Hillaire S, Valla D. Recent portal or mesenteric venous thrombosis: increased recognition and frequent recanalization on anticoagulant therapy. Hepatology. 2000;32(3):466-70.
392. Turnes J, Garcia-Pagan JC, Gonzalez M, Aracil C, Calleja JL, Ripoll C, et al. Portal hypertension-related complications after acute portal vein thrombosis: impact of early anticoagulation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(12):1412-7.
393. Plessier A, Darwish-Murad S, Hernandez-Guerra M, Consigny Y, Fabris F, Trebicka J, et al. Acute portal vein thrombosis unrelated to cirrhosis: a prospective multicenter follow-up study. Hepatology. 2010;51(1):210-8.
394. Valeriani E, Di Nisio M, Riva N, Cohen O, Garcia-Pagan JC, Magaz M, et al. Anticoagulant therapy for splanchnic vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood. 2021;137(9):1233-40.
395. Spaander MC, Hoekstra J, Hansen BE, Van Buuren HR, Leebeek FW, Janssen HL. Anticoagulant therapy in patients with non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis: effect on new thrombotic events and gastrointestinal bleeding. J Thromb Haemost. 2013;11(3):452-9.
396. Baiges A, Procopet B, Silva-Junior G, Llop E, Tellez L, Darnell A, et al. Incidence and factors predictive of recurrent thrombosis in people with non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis. J Hepatol. 2023;78(1):114-22.
397. Simonetto DA, Singal AK, Garcia-Tsao G, Caldwell SH, Ahn J, Kamath PS. ACG Clinical Guideline: Disorders of the Hepatic and Mesenteric Circulation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(1):18-40.
398. Naymagon L, Tremblay D, Zubizarreta N, Moshier E, Troy K, Schiano T, et al. The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis. Blood Adv. 2020;4(4):655-66.
399. Naymagon L, Tremblay D, Zubizarreta N, Moshier E, Naymagon S, Mascarenhas J, et al. The Natural History, Treatments, and Outcomes of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2021;27(2):215-23.
400. Naymagon L, Tremblay D, Mascarenhas J, Schiano T. Characteristics, anticoagulation, and outcomes of portal vein thrombosis after intra-abdominal surgery. Surgery. 2021;169(5):1175-81.
401. Ageno W, Beyer Westendorf J, Contino L, Bucherini E, Sartori MT, Senzolo M, et al. Rivaroxaban for the treatment of noncirrhotic splanchnic vein thrombosis: an interventional prospective cohort study. Blood Adv. 2022;6(12):3569-78.
402. Denninger MH, Chait Y, Casadevall N, Hillaire S, Guillin MC, Bezeaud A, et al. Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors. Hepatology. 2000;31(3):587-91.
403. Mallet VO, Varthaman A, Lasne D, Viard JP, Gouya H, Borgel D, et al. Acquired protein S deficiency leads to obliterative portal venopathy and to compensatory nodular regenerative hyperplasia in HIV-infected patients. AIDS. 2009;23(12):1511-8.
404. Alvarez-Larran A, Pereira A, Magaz M, Hernandez-Boluda JC, Garrote M, Cuevas B, et al. Natural history of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia presenting with splanchnic vein thrombosis. Ann Hematol. 2020;99(4):791-8.
405. Poisson J, Plessier A, Kiladjian JJ, Turon F, Cassinat B, Andreoli A, et al. Selective testing for calreticulin gene mutations in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis: A prospective cohort study. J Hepatol. 2017;67(3):501-7.
406. Plessier A, Esposito-Farese M, Baiges A, Shukla A, Garcia Pagan JC, De Raucourt E, et al. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and vascular liver disease: Eculizumab therapy decreases mortality and thrombotic complications. Am J Hematol. 2022;97(4):431-9.
407. Hvas AM, Favaloro EJ, Hellfritzsch M. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Hematol. 2021;14(4):335-46.
408. Martel N, Lee J, Wells PS. Risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis: a meta-analysis. Blood. 2005;106(8):2710-5.
409. Plessier A, Sibert A, Consigny Y, Hakime A, Zappa M, Denninger MH, et al. Aiming at minimal invasiveness as a therapeutic strategy for Budd-Chiari syndrome. Hepatology. 2006;44(5):1308-16.
410. Zaman S, Wiebe S, Bernal W, Wendon J, Czuprynska J, Auzinger G. Increased prevalence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome: a retrospective analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;28(8):967-71.